LENZ'S LAW BASIC DEFINITION AND TUTORIALS



What is Lenz's Law?

Faraday’s law says that the induced emf is given by

V = - dψ/dt

The direction of the induced emf is given by Lenz’s law, which says that the induced voltage is in the direction such that, if the voltage caused a current to flow in the wire, the magnetic field produced by this current would oppose the change in ψ. The negative sign indicates the opposing nature of the emf.

A current flowing in a simple coil produces a magnetic field. Any change in the current will change the magnetic field, which will in turn induce a back-emf in the coil. The self-inductance or just inductance L (H) of the coil relates the induced voltage to the rate of change of current

V = L dI/dT

Two coils placed close together will interact. The magnetic field of one coil will link with the wire of the second. Changing the current in the primary coil will induce a voltage in the secondary coil, given by the mutual inductance M (H)

V2 = M dI1/dT

Placing the coils very close together, on the same former, gives close coupling of the coils. The magnetic flux linking the primary coil nearly all links the secondary coil. The voltages induced in the primary and secondary coils are each proportional to their number of turns, so that

V1/V2 = N1/N2

and by conservation of energy, approximately

I1/I2 = N2/N1

A two-winding transformer consists of two coils wound on the same ferromagnetic core. An autotransformer has only one coil with tapping points. The voltage across each section is proportional to the number of turns in the section.

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